The February 12, Puerto Montt held its 158 year history.
The visionary idea that was the settlement agent Don Vicente Perez Rosales of founding a city which at that time was only a small place (Melipulli Shipyard) where chilotes alerceros performed their tasks of production seasons larch boards summer, bringing to this subsequent effect contingent of German immigrants who settled in the emerging town and across the Lake Llanquihue, enabled through the years that these settlers, thanks to his adventurous spirit, tenacity and a high degree of sacrifice, with the population pooling chilota local, managed to bring out and develop the city of Puerto Montt that we all now know. But there is a chapter of this story, of which little has been said and written, and that is little known by the community. This is the slaughtered sea voyage in flimsy boats, which had to make the settlers from his native Germany to these southern lands. follows is a series of stories illustrating the adventures of the journey and the suffering they had to undergo these German immigrants.
Journey to the End of the World
Finsterbusch By Dr. Klaus Keller (Santiago, Chile)
This written about the journey of the German emigrants from Germany to Chile is a selection and translation of contents of journals, stories and letters, published in "geschichtlich Monatsblätter" by Georg Schwarzenberg and the collection "Dokumente zur Geschichte der deutschen Einwanderung", edited and published in different years by Ingeborg Schwarzenberg Schmalz and Prof. Günter Böhm . The selection and translation was done by the author. I wish to express my sincere thanks to Commander (r) Don Henning Pohlmann for your kindness in giving me the technical details of the ships named in this work and the report of the Hamburg Consul John Fehland.
Alegre is a journey by sea ...
So says a German folk song funny. "The journey of our ancestors by the great ocean was really a joy? Fortunately, some stories have been preserved and letters from German immigrants, who between 1850 and 1860 arrived in Chile in the launches' Fortunata ',' Grasbrook "," Susanna "," Hermann " "Australia," Victoria "and" Middleton. " These stories give a realistic picture of daily life and events on board during the trip in each of the different boats.
Except for 'Middleton', an English ship of 400 tons register left Emden (Germany), the boats mentioned all belonged to the fleet of Godeffroy in Hamburg and went at different times from Hamburg to Corral [(Puerto de Valdivia ), 39 ° 52 'S. latitude, 73 º 24' longitude W.] between 1849 and 1859.
The price of a Hamburg-Valdivia passage in "steerage" was at the time of 70 Reichsthaler [daler], while cabin passengers had to pay between 160 and 180 of the same coin.
A trailer to the North Sea
The first stage of the journey from the port of Hamburg along the Elbe River to the North Sea, was already a severe test of patience for migrants, because they had to wait for favorable winds to navigate the river to the mouth of the Elbe and reach the open sea. This distance traveled ships within 2 to 7 days. In order not to delay too much out of the sea were towed by a steamer to Glückstadt or Stade. The "Victory" was towed in May 1852 Glückstadt to Cuxhaven and favorable wind blowing there was no problems at Sea North.
Karl Dittrich, a native of Saxony and passenger Linda's 'Susanna', a brig of 300 tons register, leaving the boat tells the Port of Hamburg: "Thursday, July 1 [1852], shortly before noon was given the order that all passengers were aboard. During the first hours there was understandably on the boarding bridge and the boat a traffic jam and mess up the 104 passengers had been received and taken their places. Meanwhile it was time for lunch. There were large sources of beef, new potatoes and biscuits.
Without knowing the exact time of departure, I was just lying in my cabin and I was assigned asleep. After about an hour I was awakened by a commotion. I went on deck and saw the boat, pulled by a tug, and was sailing and had gone a long way from Hamburg. The turmoil that woke me was the dismissal of the passengers. They had placed around the side to closely observe the ship's departure and the outlook on both sides of the river Elbe.
Along with us was another boat departed from Hamburg - the great "Alfred" him as the "Susanna" Goddefroy belonged to the fleet - with the same fate as us, Valdivia.
Elba increasingly widened. About Glückstadt, which could not see, could not oberservar the banks of river. At dusk we arrived at Cuxhaven, where several boats were anchored. Also, our ship dropped anchor to stay there overnight.
Early in the morning and we are in the North Sea. Sky, water and our boat, we saw no more. And so it went forward. " 
Item immigrants and viewed from the banks of the river Elbe near Altona.
In the foreground there is an English brig, a barge and a paddle steamer with a flag
burger go to the North Sea. Oil on wood by Johann Joachim Faber, about 1840. In the "Hermann", a ship of 342 tons register, during his trip along the Elbe in early July 1850 and due to heavy rain, it became apparent a mistake to build the boat. More slipped through the hatch a lot of rain water flooded the deckers, wetting the clothing of passengers and their boxes and suitcases, and the same later in the "Victoria." When the hatch cover obscured the deckers and lack of ventilation, the air was stifling, so that passengers prefer to remain on deck despite the rain. The captain immediately ordered the ship's carpenter for 2 tubes placed 1 foot square through the cover to the deckers, to ensure adequate exchange of air and on the hatch lid to allow the closure and also free access to deckers.
blessing in disguise
With the exception of the unfortunate event with rain water in the "Hermann" and "Victoria", the journey from Hamburg to the North Sea of \u200b\u200bthe other ships of the fleet was put into effect Godeffroy without mishap. However, the output of the English brig "Middleton" from the port of Emden, did not begin under a lucky star that August 2, 1849. "Although we leave this country, our mood was not depressed, Rather we felt free and joyfully sang with verve our songs of farewell to the wind, "writes Karl Seidler of Münden emigrant in his travelogue. Half an hour after having left behind the port, the pilot guiding the ship to leave, because according to him, there was no danger to navigation, and returned in his boat to the port. The "Middleton" majestically passed half their sails lowered by the waves and the passengers once again fixed his eyes on the panorama afforded by the coast of his country, when suddenly a strong pull and shot noise almost to the ground passengers and immediately following a second and third hit and the ship finally ran aground on a sandbank. The wind was getting stronger and the waves that flooded the deck, would surely have destroyed the three lifeboats to lower them overboard, therefore, had to find another solution to save the passengers. To this was all the sails to the wind bringing the ship tilted to one side, he yielded to the force of the wind, began to slide down the sand and suddenly found himself in deeper waters. By the violent clash with the sand formed a lining in the brig and quickly had to start pumping water action involving passengers happy. Could no longer continue to think about navigation and returned without a pilot was totally impossible. Captain facheó the boat and held in place until the afternoon happily spotted a Dutch fishing boat. For issuing distress signals of the "Middleton" the fishing boat came and as he knew a safe route, led to the "Middleton" smooth back to Dollart [Dollart is a bay on the North Sea, which leads Ems River and is located in front of the port of Emden]. There the ship was repaired, but only two and half months later, on 18 October, she departed for the second time.
Tempest, concerts and rat hunting
The North Sea was gala with big waves, there was cold and gray, which all passengers complained. Pauline Metzdorff of Breslau in Silesia commencement of the journey described in the "Hermann" in the following words: "Oh, at the beginning of a journey is annoyed and upset until you get used to everything. So many people in such a small space, the cabins as low as one enters a house dog, all this could not please me at first. After the dizziness were added because I was one of the first affected. Gradually the dizziness is gone and I wish to live again. "
"Everyone with dizziness than 12 passengers" says Karl Anwandter Calau on July 8, 1850 in the Journal Travel as a passenger of the "Hermann". He continued: "To describe this horrible state is not worth it. Death would have seemed to me as a great relief from this unbearable state, which a healthy person can not imagine. The disgust he feels before any food is so monstrous, that caused me torment if he heard others talk about food, so who would rather jump into the sea before touching any food. " Karl Seidler
informs us that: "in the North Sea began a fairly strong wind increased from minute to minute. We went through that day and the night after a very strong storm, which then had never been a more violent. The ship patched the sea at the mercy of wind and waves, just answer the helm, until suddenly we find ourselves at midnight off the mouth of the Thames, which was fortunate for us because the next day when the wind had decreased, saw on the coast near the Belgian-Dutch border at least 14 vessels sunk following the heavy storm last night. " Another passenger on the "Middleton", Adolf Schwarzenberg, a native of Kassel, reports that the "Middleton" almost crashed into a steamer and a schooner near the mouth of the Thames.  The "Victory", the oil of Carlos Perot
The "Victoria" was a brig of 31.75 m in length, 8.18 m wide, with a depth of 9.78 m and 344 tonnes of registration. It was built in 1839. In late September 1852 this boat to pass through the North Sea was also subjected to a violent storm. The emigrant Fehrenberg Kassel Heinrich writes: "The waves rose often over 10 feet over the side and if one of these waves reached the deck, then accompanied with a noise like a cart full of stones were discharged at one time. The boat was leaning dangerously to one side so that we had to be careful not thrown from their beds. Around midnight there was suddenly a loud cackle, voluminous wave had swept over the hen house, finding out under the debris twenty hens. Finally dawns and the morning anxiously awaited the first sunny day after they had gone. An English fishing boat at this point brings us the news, which began to Louis Napoleon and the National Guard in conjunction with the artillery is bombarding Paris. " One can imagine vividly, like the fisherman English, with a smile from ear to ear at the bar later told his fellow he invented the story, unaware that German immigrants had to be taken as true, as they were at sea and had no other source of information to confirm the news.
September 14, 1858, "Australia" also had to withstand strong headwinds in cold and nasty fog. At 5 pm was sighted off the coast of England that looked blurred by the fog. The author of the story, Wilhelm Jacobs, born in Schinnen in Saxony, refers to a hunting rats on board, but adds more detail.
After the storms in the North Sea the weather improved significantly. Theodor Körner Calau, passed the "Hermann", is impressed by the sunset on July 11, 1850. "In the afternoon we enjoyed the beautiful sunset in magnificence surpassing anything ever seen by me until now. The coast of France can see, we should meet up to Cherbourg and Le Havre. In the evening there was a concert under my direction and then a vocal instrumental led by Hermann Ribbeck. The applause was unparalleled. "
After the stormy North Sea usually ships entered the calmer waters of the Channel, to find in the Atlantic Ocean after a strong wave but with a favorable wind. "The wind favors us so much that in the last 24 hours we traveled 150 miles," he wrote on board the brig "Fortunata" Mrs. Fanny Fonck Zöhrer of the doctor's wife who was later the meritorious and medical appreciated Llanquihue colony. But "the ship was moving and leaning to either side, so that it ended a desire to keep a diary."
Mar quiet and fabulous sunsets
As the journey continued to the south and the boats were approaching the coast of Spain and Portugal, increasing the temperature of the air that passengers noticed with pleasure. A cool breeze being sought and prevented the temperature gets too high.
between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn were often days with absolute calm in which no one airecito moved. Ecuador South of the "Middleton" went through a lull that lasted ending 14 days. No wind increased temperatures unpleasantly. Wilhelm Jacobs, aboard the 'Australia' October 1858 noted in temperatures between 24 º and 27 º R [Réaumur], which corresponds to the Celsius scale at temperatures of 30 º and 33.8 º. During this heat stay in the deckers was intolerable, and at night could not sleep. So many passengers were accommodated overnight on the roof to escape the stifling heat of the deckers and booths.
"Very beautiful sunsets are now at sea," Karl tells Anwandter. "The sunset every day is different, but still wonderfully beautiful. Both considering the formation and wonderful coloration of the clouds as well as the entire horizon and the sea, especially last night (July 23 [1859]) the view was indescribably beautiful. The sun was setting behind the clouds while light from the sun and the moon was full, the whole sky to the east was lost in the most beautiful pink background on this beautiful floating clouds forming small, colored white, gray and green and between which flowed the bright light of the full moon. Then took a red sky and down over the sun, became blue-green. Finally, only the top of the western sky was tinged with red, the lowest part of the horizon was dressed in green and gold, greenish-white puffs were shown framed in gold and in front of the sky near the moon shone silver in the east on a clear blue background between graceful gray clouds clear. The evening sky is immensely beautiful and more beautiful than we currently have on board, that even the passengers are kept happy dizzy on deck to admire the show. "
Delikatessen in the letter ... but not at the plate
Since 1832 guaranteed the first law of emigration from Bremen to passengers deckers for at least 90 days a nutritious seafood but monotonous diet: bread, marinated vegetables and meat, as well as herring, barley meal , rice and prunes, also potatoes and sauerkraut, coffee and tea and men in the morning from time to time a shot of liquor. The migrants who came from Bremen or other ports used to feed itself, which could be dangerous for inexperienced. They did it to vary the monotonous diet on the boat.
To Messrs. Godeffroy was a matter of honor to ensure a good supply of passenger ships. They promised a lot, especially good water quality for the passenger cabin even deli: anchovis, herring, sardines, including preserved fruits, for deckers passengers during the first leg beer, herring, meat Fresh from its own slaughterhouses, good butter, etc.
"Certainly we have very good water on board - and pure filtered water of the Elbe" writes Karl Anwandter aboard the 'Hermann', "but so far have received only the passenger cabin, passengers received only water deckers other barrels, which was already bad taste was ordinary water of the Elbe. Beer is also on board, but not for passengers but for the crew and is obtained only as a favor secretly granted by the second boat and his assistants, for who knew how to earn the favor. Meat
the slaughterhouse itself is an illusion. Possibly later delivered beef, we have on board the American beef is already sailed. During the early days of our trip we were served inedible beef already showed a greenish color, flavor and remembered the soap was so hard and tough that there was no way of crushing teeth and therefore its destination was invariably the pigsty or the waves swallowed.
When the first week appeared on the menu rice with raisins, were beaming faces. But that bitter disappointment, the rice was azumagado and disgusting, suffered the same fate as the meat. We have not seen
herring, although the dizziness would wake the appetite for them. Of dubious quality is butter that has better taste smell. The most disgusting is sugar. It is the worst kind to be found in trade, brownish-gray, wet, filled with dirt and syrupy taste and odor that makes tea and coffee as a drink disgusting. Good and satisfactory
is instead the quality of peas, beans, biscuits, flour, dried fruit and pork. However, it is very unfortunate that the much needed water is so bad and the sugar, butter and rice as bad as it would have been enough spending just a little more to eliminate any complaints. It may be that the facilities and reprimanded him here even more deficient in other boats, but we and our fellow travelers have been unpleasantly disappointed when we remembered the days Lübben Calau and when we signed the contract of travel. Currently
[63 day trip] we used the following foods:
Monday: peas with pork.
Tuesday: Lentil, before white beans, beef.
Wednesday: gray peas and pork (for a while) sauerkraut and potatoes.
Thursday: Soup with rice, a few dried fruits and beef.
Friday: large gray peas, beans and also pork.
Saturday: chopped barley soup, also ... dried fruit, sugar syrup, coffee.
Sunday: Pudding and beef soup with dried fruit.
Lowest applause are: rice, barley and chopped pudding. The latter, however, is a serious mockery to the dish that is commonly known as pudding, as it is prepared only with flour and water, some salt and butter or fat, placed in a bag is boiled in seawater, it resulting in a hard mass in the form of a meatball that holds only a stomach that will not come bullets. " Wilhelm also
Jacobs, passed the "Australia" complains not without reason: "The meals are quite sad for me, in the week there are 3 times pea soup without potatoes, beans 1 time, 2 times chopped barley soup and rice all produce much gas. The cookies do not taste good and one longs for good dish with potatoes and good soup. For a long time and do not take breakfast or dinner. "
To diversify and improve somewhat the diet, supplying ships in Hamburg with up to 6 live pigs and a few dozen chickens, kept in pens and chicken coops in the ship's deck, were killed in fresh meat to serve passengers in a holiday. Theodor Körner
improvement relates an unusual menu. Passing the "Hermann" from North to South, a young shark 5 feet long swimming around the boat and stung on the hook of the bait. Then water was removed and thrown over the stern of the boat where was furious and dangerous blows with its tail, but the captain with a large knife just cut off the tail. The shark lost much blood and with it their strength. He placed a stick between his jaws so he could not bite and immediately opened the abdominal cavity and was skinning. His flesh, white and tasty, was cut and distributed among the passengers. After the meat was all day soaking in sea water, at night prepared fried in butter and some are cooked in water, all the passengers enjoyed the delicious shark meat after a long period of deprivation of fresh meat. The crew did not participate, perhaps because of prejudice.
already in the vicinity of Cape Horn has Theodor Körner that "food and especially water are scarce and for 14 days that we have not received a drop of water. Be satisfied with a bowl of tea served for breakfast and dinner, which is not enough to calm or mildly the burning thirst caused by heavy meals and spicy meat. Although the water is so bad that its bad taste and smell that goes for meals and drinks, you're thirsty for a drop of this liquid. "
Due to strong wind blowing in the North Sea, in the "Middleton" is destroyed china, wine bottles and boxes full of food. The drums of water is untied and emptied on deck. As a result we had to ration the remaining water and put locked. Throughout the journey was collected rainwater in barrels and other vessels distributed to the crew on deck, in the "Middleton" as in the other boats carrying migrants. Not only
passengers suffered with bad food on board but the crew was also seriously affected. On November 29, 1859 the physician Dr. EC Henckel Valparaiso Hamburg Consul sent a certificate he wrote, that "the entire crew of the brig Hamburg" New Ed "is affected to a greater or lesser degree of scurvy, the continuation of their journey would be highly dangerous and finds it their duty to express his surprise about the continued presentation of acute cases of this disease in vessels of Hamburg and Bremen, with the possibility of preparing vegetables and fresh lemon juice to prevent the disease easily, which is a rarity in the Navy English and French. " So Karl Anwandter seems to have missed when he wrote in his travel journal of an "unscrupulous supply" of the boat.
Duel pistols and Eau de Cologne for deckers
When many people live together for a long time in a confined space, as was the case for several months in the boats of migrants, often presented with situations leading to contradictions, suspicion and envy, in short, life on board was turned into an inferno. "Even the smallest things that are sometimes the Captain are envied by the passengers. It is interesting to see how some do not take your eyes off the kitchen door at noon or afternoon, "wrote Wilhelm Jacobs. Adolf Schwarzenberg notes "is best known to a person while living on a boat during a 100 times longer living on the mainland. For this living nearby and close the person is more easily with his true character. In the few months of the trip I learned more about the human psyche in my previous life. "
The well-known German writer and adventurer Gerstäcker Friedrich (1816-1872) described in 1837 his mother, "his" deckers: "Imagine a space of about 11 feet long, 9 feet wide, 8 feet high, meaning both sides with bunk beds, of which there are always above the other, so that each litter contains 10 persons, 5 below to 5 above. Imagine now locked in this space in bad weather about 115 migrants, imagine the sweat, laugh, rant, his vomiting, wailing, screaming kids, etc., Etc., And you have a real pretty picture deckers! " 
steerage of a sailing boat of emigrants, 1850
Frick Ernst writes in his diary: "I can not let the opportunity pass without making a comparison between the pigsty and deckers, with regard to the locality, this is at a disadvantage against him, thanks to Düsseldorff & Comp. [The real name of the company is Dieseldorff & Comp.]. Try to prove my statement at the end of my day. " Unfortunately he did not!
Apparently there was very little space in the deckers "Australia" as reported by Wilhelm Jacobs: "The rain was intense throughout the day which forced us to stay in the deckers, even today we ate in a very limited for the first time in the deckers and missing free space. [...] Captain deckers sprinkled with vaudecolugne today [sic] [= Eau de Cologne Eau de Cologne] to improve the smell of something. " And the next day: "Today I had again a dispute with Mrs. M., everyone heard it and that left me cranky. Now I can not express my feelings, longing eagerly for our situation will change soon and get to our destination. " Carl von numers
Kassel summarizes the environment in deckers thus: "I find life unbearable in the deckers, food is bad and - sometimes more passengers bad yet."
In the "Hermann" paid special attention to cleanliness. Anwandter Karl writes: "... cleaning the boat is comforting, a board, elected every 4 weeks, strictly controls the cleaning deckers which is swept and cleaned every morning under your supervision. "
cabin passengers were in every way better off than the inhabitants of deckers, however, this does not protect against friction between them. Adolf Schwarzenberg tells about a difference of opinion between two passengers, "Buschmann numers and had an altercation rather strong, so that the last numers challenged to a duel with pistols. Numers replied that he belongs to the nobility and therefore could not Buschmann dueling. " Hobbies
board "for the considerable number of fellow travelers and in light of the special circumstance that came with a passenger Lincke organ, with its upbeat melodies later provided good service during the founding of Puerto Montt , and was working Degelon composing verses in the manner of Hans Sachs, could not miss the amusements more or less pleasantly interrupted the daily routine, "writes the passenger vessel" Susanna "Karl Dittrich.
"The main hobby was fishing and hunting of birds and fish with a shotgun. In the early days of the trip we caught a dolphin that swam in large schools around the boat. I got on board and ready to eat, but their meat was not very appetizing to the palate. The flying fish that often fell on deck, well prepared and had excellent flavor fried "says Karl Seidler, passed the" Middleton. " Mrs. Fonck
writes: "On 20 May [1854] became very quiet in the evening we a pretty sight. Fish reached 6 feet long near our boat, called dolphins and every 3 minutes up to the surface of the water for air. Within 10 minutes there were hundreds of these fish around the boat. The boat took a stick tied to a spear and threw it at the dolphins. (This instrument is called harpoon). But he could not catch any fish. The lively nature of the fish was a very pleasant impression that we were happy afternoon. "
"The observation of the sea, the emergence of various jellyfish, mollusks, algae, and at night its beautiful phosphorescence, we entertained for hours." About this writer also Theodor Körner: "When you look in the dark of night to the gunwale of the boat to sea, it looks like a stream of fire, when one gets on the stick approach and see how the keel cuts through the waves, have a beautiful view and you believe in the true sense of the word you are browsing through fire. "
"On the cover reads and writes" Anwandter tells Karl, "children are taught, you play cards, also plays music and dancing, if it is not an animal that catches the attention of passengers. Books, especially natural history we have in abundance and are read assiduously, also written on Chile, which the master adds his experiences. " Of course migrants also take advantage of the long weeks to improve their knowledge of English.
In the "Grasbrook ', a brig somewhat smaller than the" Cesar & Helene ", built in 1853 in Hamburg, who made several trips to Chile and later in 1863 was stranded near Ameland (North Sea Coast) , 73 passengers traveling between the family of Gustav von Bischoffshausen. His wife Sophie wrote in a letter to his parents: "Thank God they are all healthy, especially Gustav who recently organized a shooting, and children are happy and are getting fat again heavily."
Another "hobby" es relatado por la señora Fanny de Fonck: “Martes 6 [junio de 1854]. Todavía llueve, los marineros juntan el agua de lluvia que se usa para cocinar y para beber. Yo y el comerciante de Bremen revisamos nuestras maletas que estaban durante toda la noche en el agua. Parte de la ropa estaba mojada. Después del almuerzo mejoró el tiempo y tuve la oportunidad de secar mi ropa. Un marinero de cubierta, un joven amigable y aplicado, me consigue algo de agua de lluvia para poder lavar mi ropa. Mi marido me ayuda diligentemente. Estoy parado con los pies desnudos y con la pollera arremangada delante de mi cuba y lavo 16 pañuelos, 3 mañanitas, 2 toallas y mi marido lava sus calcetines. A pesar de la falta de abundante agua mi ropa queda limpiecita and my husband is glad of my ability. I promise you, if everything goes wrong, I will earn my bread with the laundry. A young English Valparaiso 18 years of age in Chile me that does not wash clothes at home, no house employee would be provided for washing clothes. For washing 4 shirts is paid 15 silver coins [Silbergroschen], I shudder at this amount, but it still washing that takes place in Valparaiso hitting clothing. Every 2 years, spent a dozen shirts.
With the approach of other passenger ships sailing out of your daily routine and boredom. Karl Seidler describes an encounter with another boat with these words: "At the height of the Tropics Capricorn 3 sticks a boat crossed our course, came from Australia and we came so close that both boats boats fell into the water to exchange information, compare the positions of ships, changing food, etc., and after half an hour visit each ship was underway. "
"Even from a few hours there was a candle, the first in several weeks, which was recognized by the Captain as belonging to the fleet of Godeffroy Comp. The Captain knew the ship was coming, we promised to bring on board the "Sophie" a salute to the country when the ship came closer, which could last an hour and complete calm that prevailed, "writes Heinrich Fehrenberg in a letter to his parents and continues: "Cristian [Fehrenberg] and M. wanted to personally write the letter had already finished, lacking only the direction, when the captain left the boat wearing nothing but what you will have read in the Journal of Kassel. This hurt us very much because you do not know why our names do not appear under the greeting. We had lost all hope of being able to send our letter, when our boat without the captain but the helmsman of the "Sophia" is far from it. You can imagine our delight that the boat had to return. The "Sophia" came out 6 weeks of Valparaiso navigate directly to Hamburg. In early December may be our letter in your power. "
These encounters at sea were sometimes too dangerous or tragic. Mrs. Fanny Fonck told in a letter to his friend in Prague on two meetings he witnessed on board the "Fortunata": "12 August [1854]. There are strong wind storm but after several days I go to the deck to breathe fresh air. To the right of our boat is a large ship approaching full sail as an arrow towards us. The captain hoped that the other boat would pass behind our boat, as was required under the laws of navigation at sea. But this hope not satisfied and 10 minutes the ships collide and we would be hopelessly lost. But our captain with all the force of the sails quickly turned the boat, passing the other swift boat ahead of the tip of our brig. The Captain was very angry that the ship had violated the law, and we sat serious and sad, for lunch. " And just a day after "14 August. Yesterday around 5 pm the captain informs us that was seen in the distance a boat with the flag hoisted without candles, a sign that something terrible had happened. We all climbed on deck and approached the boat sighted to bring help. On average time we have come so that the captains can communicate through one speaker. It is an English ship that sailed by the same storm as us but with less luck, losing its rudder, can not maneuver and is at the mercy of the waves. From our boat we could not only provide help and hope left for not starting another storm so that they themselves could install a new rudder. To my relief there was no storm in the night or during the day today and had the unfortunate opportunity to repair the damage. " Crafts
religious and family celebrations
Mr. "Metropolitan" Geisse [Dr. phil. et theol. Friedrich Geisse of Rotenburg on the Fulda] was on board the "Victoria" and made the September 26, 1852 a church on the cover "what is to be repeated every Sunday" tells Heinrich Fehrenberg. Pastor Karl Manns of Ermschwerd near Witzenhausen, also on board the "Victoria" complements this: "With Dr. Geisse and we had agreed to try to make every Sunday an hour of prayer. The captain, the sailors and the passengers were welcomed this initiative, and so we alternate with Dr. Geisse every Sunday in leading the worship service on the eighth day of our journey from the Channel. Very few did not go to our offices. The first Sunday was a day so serene and quiet and all who followed him than a Sunday around Cape Horn we had to leave off by the inclement weather.
in the vicinity of the Canary Islands takes place in the "Middleton" the engagement of Carl and Bertha Seidler Buschmann. Adolf Schwarzenberg said this event in his travel diary: "The Captain had arranged a lunch so excellent, it would be difficult to find a well on land. After lunch we began the fun and made many toasts to the health of the couple, the crew, the captain and the achievement of speculation of migrants that they would return within 5 years in Germany as rich people. After tea was prepared punch Müller finally liquidated as at night when I went to the Captain's cabin to drink water, I saw Müller lying on the ground and, as I heard later, bleeding and lost a tooth. Around 10 we went to bed, but the heat was unbearable for us tonight. "
On September 29, 1850 was held at the "Hermann", sailing south of the Falkland Islands, the silver wedding of Karl and Emilie Anwandter with a "simple punch came from a very nice taste."
Also in the "Hermann" was held 5 days prior to arrival to Corral a marriage. Johann Jakob Keller writes succinctly: "On 7 November [1850] was a marriage in our boat, a surgeon from 1950 to 1954 year old Hebrew religion, the bride with 31-year-old Christian religion." Mrs. Pauline's writing extends Metzdorff Keller: "Mr. K. [askel] in Berlin and his girlfriend, a widow, left to get married by the captain, nine passengers were invited. Each of the guests took their best clothes of their luggage, dressed and arranged for the ceremony held at 3 pm. In the cabin stood a white capeta on the table that was adorned with a crucifix and a candle. The Captain had taken at its best, read the marriage certificate and then served two cooked ham and much wine. "
On October 18, 1852 was celebrated the anniversary of the battle of Leipzig [Allied victory over Napoleon, 16 to October 19, 1813], "even with some fireworks on the roof."
A comet in the night sky
The warm nights in the vicinity of Madeira and the Canary Islands invited passengers to admire the stars, which sometimes kept them for long hours on the deck or even attracted on deck at night. Even before the October 2, 1858 Wilhelm Jacobs observed from the "Australia" "a comet in the west, from 6:30 to 8 hours, with a long tail that was constantly increasing." The "Australia" in those days sailing in the vicinity of the Madeira Island. A month later, on 8 November, "the comet with its long tail is barely visible and appears to be losing a little" when the ship was at latitude 27 º S.
With these few words the migrant refers to his observation of the famous comet in that year, "Donati", discovered by Italian astronomer Giovanni Battista Donati (1826-1873) on June 2, 1856, initially only visible as a nebulous patch with the aid of powerful telescopes next Lamda star in the constellation Leo Minor. On October 2 the comet's nucleus is extremely bright and rounded at the sun. It reaches its greatest brilliance on 5 October. Its head is near the star Arcturus, which is almost equal in brightness. Its appearance is unique telescoping and rarely exceeded. The comet 'Donati' reaches its perigee on 10 October. The tail reaches its largest size with 60-second long and 6 wide. Towards the end of the tail were five or six clear striations and well-defined contours of 30 ° wide. Time visibility was about a month. On 1 March 1859 was last seen through a telescope by Prof. Dr. Karl Moesta Observatory (Chile). According to astronomical calculations, the comet 'Donati' is a time of revolution around the sun, 2040 years and, therefore, should appear again in heaven in the year 3898! Comets have been considered by superstitious people as a proclamation of doom or extraordinary events.
 Comet 'Donati' on Paris the ominous 13
Anwandter
When Karl had come to Chile, wrote in a letter to a friend: "In the 'Susanne' is a cholera many people and for navigation on the river Elbe. Near Cuxhaven and later killed 13 people. " The "Susanna", also a vessel of the fleet of Godeffroy, sailed from Hamburg a month and a half later that the "Hermann" bound for Chile.
the death and burial of a sailor in the Atlantic referred to Mrs. Fanny Fonck: "A sailor tried by my husband for 8 days by their intestinal ulcers, was found dead in his bed at 10 am. The body was placed in a large bag and stayed until 8 pm on the deck. According to the custom on board the Captain brought a bottle of Bordeaux wine and poured us a glass. There is a solemn silence and no one dares to say a word. It seems to me that is saying a Mass for the dead silence for the sailor died. All sailors are very sad and one of them regrets telling sad tone, that this is his fourth trip in which 13 sailors, and whenever one of them is dead. In his other trips with less or more sailors had not died either. At 8 pm the funeral was held according to customary fishing. They face two candles, put a plank on the edge of the deck and over the corpse. The captain played with his hand the head of the deceased, with the other hat is removed as well as sailors and passengers who attend the event. With the words "In the name of God, spoken by the captain with a trembling voice, pulling the body into the sea. He continues his bed and some of their clothing to prevent the spread of the disease. Now in the morning I learned that the mascot, the ship's dog, he went overboard, had cramps and threw the second boat at sea. "
The report of 1 May 1858 Consul Hamburg in Valdivia, John Fehland, notes that "the brig" Reiherstieg "shipping company Godeffroy reached Valdivia on December 12, 1857 after a voyage of 116 days with 143 passengers on board. During his trip lost 14 passengers nervous fever [typhoid]. After the arrival of the ship (Captain C. Stammerjohann) died still some of the passengers. "The most affected by this misfortune was Georg Haverbeck, Göttingen Taylor, who lost for the trip to six of his children (4 between 13 and 19 years of age), and thus lost much of his fortune, which was reversed in Parts of his family, arriving in the country without the labor force to be reckoned with for its progress in Chile ".- In another letter the shipping company rejects guilty Haverbeck said the family had eaten spoiled food that she had brought Germany ... "
Day Thursday, October 20, 1852 Fehrenberg Heinrich recounts: "This afternoon, a child died about 3 years old, probably tomorrow will be your funeral." And on October 22, writes: "The most unpleasant discovery was made this morning in the deckers. So far, the most heard complaints about bad food, poor water quality, etc., What is now surely lose importance with the discovery said. Only a few ships with emigrants can boast of having escaped from the presence of "bugs" and today we noticed that our ship is not within that minority. They could not guess what gender these animals but belong I say that this commodity is most common in Russia and Poland. " It seems that Fehrenberg had too many scruples as to name the lice by name. "At 10 hours, hoisted the flag and after a prayer by Mr. Geisse, the little boy's body sank into the sea."
In the "Australia" after the passing of the Tropic of Cancer, children have about 8 days for rash strong especially in the neck. " After Wilhelm Jacobs had scored his observation of the comet was discovered in the "Australia" the first head lice and a week later there was a general outcry.
Passengers reported events not only sad but also happy. Karl Seidler in the "Middleton" wrote that "our hunting dog had 4 puppies, beautiful animals, who naturally was very spoiled for us. Eight days later a carpenter lady gave birth to a boy, who was baptized the following Sunday by the captain and was named "Middleton". "
Silent Night ...
Of the 7 ships named above, only two, the "Australia" and "Middleton", sailed over the holidays. While Karl Seidler says nothing about the celebration of Christmas in the "Middleton", Adolf Schwarzenberg relates: "Sunday, December 23. At 12 at night we wake up the Captain as all the passenger cabin to take a Brandy with him and celebrate Christmas. When we reached the cabin, the two old men were already drunk. Mueller served as the Second Coxswain, who after an hour I could not stand. I went to bed at 4 am. How will my people spent the day in Germany ????"
Wilhelm Jacobs informs us about the celebration of Christmas in "Australia." Friday 24. At 4 were killed another pig for the feast of Christmas. At 4 hours (beyond 10 hours) I had a beautiful dream with the house, especially nice with M. Sch. and ... Schulze, which certainly talked a lot about us as they made biscuits. We wish to have here a piece of kuchen. For our table got a ham and a bottle of "Old Madeira 'for Christmas, which was divided and each received ¾ of a pound. 8 º R. [10 º C].
Saturday 25. 110 days of travel. Christmas.
From 8 northwest wind blows very hard, move fast with all sails set; widespread happiness for the good conduct of navigation. 18 º R. [22.5 ° C]. Children receive
sugar and honey cookies Captain. A women gives them each a glass of fine liqueur cherries for breakfast, to men a glass of gin, brandy to the sailors. For lunch there are fresh pork with dried fruits and meatballs, all exquisite. At dusk the wind becomes a storm, a sleepless night. We have received no water. "
Baptism in Ecuador: Neptune comes aboard
The "Hermann" has not received a visit from Neptune, not disclosed the reasons. Theodor Körner laments: "At last we crossed today the entering Ecuador to the southern hemisphere, after boring ride the waters of this part of the globe. Nothing we said this, there was no celebration, once a custom for the baptism in Ecuador. "
"... crew preparing the usual baptism, which was with the consequent application of shaving soap on the face, followed by a shave and a bathroom in a large barrel with water. Depending on the generosity, was distributed in larger amounts or alcohol under the crew "says Karl Seidler, passed the" Middleton. "
Mrs. Fanny Fonck also reports on the baptism in Ecuador on board the "Fortunata": "It was June 10 when we passed the line. As is known, this step is a cause for celebration on board, during which Neptune and his retinue on board and baptizes all those who have not yet passed the Ecuador. Neptune warns his visit by letter in the morning. After lunch appear in person accompanied by two officers. Entered the dressing room and there was a scene so funny that we did not laugh much more. After reading them each a paper he had to sign, and as a tax had to hand a bottle of wine. Then they urged us to climb to the roof where we threw water everywhere. As I was the only female passenger on board, each man wanted to indulge in some of the baptized person and repeated, so that I would get 15 to 17 buckets of water. Finally I was so wet and felt so cold that I could no longer stop and then my husband asked to take the dressing room, I was locked during the ceremony. Continued long after with a sore throat, which now also feel occasionally. So you make love to a high sea. " Heinrich
Fehrenberg describes the baptism in the "Victory": "Today at noon we celebrate the feast of Neptune. I think not performed on all ships passing the line, but like many people we traveled [196] and among high net worth passengers, the sailors did not miss the opportunity untapped. The Neptune had already announced in last night and now came with his wife, followed by his right hand, the Notary, Police, etc., All dressed appropriately. Neptune God of the Seas, Emperor of the moon gave us a speech full of incredible nonsense. Then it was determined the boat's position by a huge sextant to which the Captain gave his approval with the result that we had crossed the Ecuador at 1 pm. After these ceremonies proceeded to baptize 15 people who had not escaped by paying some money. The sat on barrels and a big brush soapy shaved with a razor after wood 2 ½ feet long. To end the ceremony, he emptied a bucket of water on the head to each of the baptized, accompanied by the joy and applause from spectators. In the evening there was a dance I had to make the orchestra. "
The text of the proclamation of Neptune for the christening of the first-time passengers in Ecuador Wilhelm Jacobs gave us in his travelogue:
"We, Neptune, God of all seas, lakes, lagoons and rivers of this land , and animals and fish that move in them, sailing ships plying our waters, the inhabitants of the earth that are entrusted to my items we considered to baptize those who destiny has led to part of the world to another, navigating from one hemisphere to another and therefore across the Ecuador during his trip, but a rescue is possible to attenuate the baptism or totally free of it.
Yet I must warn all participants that if they do not pay the ransom or other charges that can replace my vengeance will fall and that of my being stuffed with my shaving soap infamous and fleeced without mercy with the big knife and finally baptized.
This happened in the Atlantic Ocean in the vicinity of Ecuador to the knowledge of Brig Hamburg, signed and authenticated with my personal seal.
baptismal certificate by passing the line of Ecuador
in 1925.
The inscription reads:
OCEANUS pacificus EQUATORIS transitus
LINE IN REGIS N NOMINE Maris
EPTUNUS you Babtiso Imperator. Capt. Jessen Orfelio
"Salmons" Novellus aquaticus
familiae nostrae.
AUGUSTUS, 26 = 1925 The horror of sailing the Strait of Le-Maire
Navigation now continued south and after crossing the Tropic of Capricorn vessels were generally favorable winds which made notable progress. The air temperature began to drop significantly and the passengers took their warm clothes chests and drawers to keep warm.
In the south-eastern tip of South America is the infamous Le-Maire Strait that separates Staten Island Earth del Fuego, Argentina both domains. The Strait is the horror of sailing ships, because the wind can suddenly stop and the boat comes in with the sails flapping in a cauldron of the devil in the middle of the flow of water between the eastern tip of Tierra del Fuego and the coast of Island States, in which rocks were wrecked in the past countless sailboats. For this reason the captains guiding their boats preferably between Staten Island and the Falkland Islands to the south to skirt after Cape Horn and arrive at the west coast of South America. Captains even more cautious with their ships passing east of the Falkland Islands to the south.
"Saturday. In the evening at 7 o'clock sighted the coast of Tierra del Fuego and left the Island State "Heinrich writes Fehrenberg. "The captain does not want to spend the night in the strait located between the island and the mainland, so we crossed until the next morning. Sunday 28 [November 1852]. By the strong current as we approach the coast of Tierra del Fuego we had to take courses to gain more northeast east longitude, and the tip of the coast is directed far to the east. At noon we left enough of the sea, so that the captain wants to try to cross the strait in south-west wind. After several hours we were quite close to the Le-Maire Strait when the wind suddenly changed address and had to tack.
Monday, 29. After crossing through the night, in the morning we are faced with the Staten Island, and so close, we can clearly distinguish the surf on the coast. " Hunting
a deserted island
"The Staten Island has a length of about 15 miles and 5 miles wide in Germany, this barren and no vegetation. As was the captain, whose brother had visited the island, lived in it an immense amount of sea birds of all kinds, and countless sea lions and seals. As the Captain is fond of hunting, it was difficult for some passengers cabin enthusiasm to go ashore for a couple of hours. At 9 am the captain sailed with 4 crew and 4 passengers on the boat to the island boy. After 2 hours and had lost sight of. At 12 he got up a cool breeze could have led us well through the Strait of Le-Maire, if the Captain had been on board. Night came and the boat had not returned. Increased concern to the fullest, especially since the boat did not know what to do. It was too dangerous to be so close to the ground during the night and on the other hand, move deeper into the sea could hamper the return of the boat and the arrival of bad weather, which is a rarity so close to Cape Horn, may completely prevent the arrival of the boat. There was the hope of looking for the boat with a larger guy that would leave at dawn. At dawn someone shouted "there they come, here they come!" And all the passengers came on deck. After half an hour the boat docked the boat. The boat's crew was totally wet and as they rowed for 10 hours, I was tired at the end. According to his account had reached the island at 1 and left it at 6 pm, followed the boat all night and caught up as it approached the island again. Captain's struggle with a huge sea lion made him forget his ship and everything else. "
Hairy wild geese and Sea Lions
What had happened during the hunt in Staten Island? Manns told Karl interesting details about this raid. "[...] To pass through the dangerous Strait of Le-Maire sailed at night with unfavorable wind, turning off the entry and the next morning we found quite near the Staten Island, where the weather was benign and no wind. In this place the island looked quite awful. Wild mountains rising to the clouds, formed by rocks that appeared to have been stacked by giants and edges representing a huge Vulcan collapsed. Looking through the binoculars no we saw no trace of vegetation. After the boat docked in this place, they landed the young (whose heads were sailors who were passengers on the boat, including my son) to start hunting birds. Having delivered the first shotgun blast against wild geese, suddenly rises to a deafening roar a herd of about 150 sea lions and large hairy-looking, so that our hunters were suddenly terribly frightened . However, the herd moved away or quietly slip into the water and stops looking curiously. A sea lion behind, fast asleep, he is attacked by hunters with a harpoon, but 5 men did not can hold and the spear is released. Then find another sea lion old and lonely, sleeping, standing, chest to head, is as tall as a man and his thick neck that no man can go around it. The spear can not penetrate, a pair of iron hooks easily breaks them, a shotgun in the mouth as little irritated, and the constant blows to the nose and forehead with a paddle, made by a very strong seems that hardly feel them. Leaves muttering quietly to sea where men curiously observed. It was a pity that lacked a good rifle bullets. With the boat full of birds, including about 12 geese, white males, black females with white with yellow beaks and feet and a bump on the wing joint to the fight, came back very upset hunters because they could not show a lion of the sea. Also brought some plants as a hook to the detriment of sarsaparilla and other cranberry. The next morning we spent with a fair wind through the Strait of Le-Maire. "
Giant waves, gale
Mrs. Fanny Fonck impressive story makes surfing the southern tip of South America in "Fortunata": "On 16 July [1854] at 9 am sighted Cape Horn, but we wind unfavorable. Only 3 days of wind and won favorable, being once in the Pacific Ocean sail happily into our goal could be achieved in 12 to 14 days. In the afternoon there is a storm.
On 24. The storm continues, the crunch sticks horribly and the boat is moved from one side to the other by the wind and huge waves. A small sailing boat remains upright on the waves. This is still 24 to 25 without interruption. The highest waves that seem to want to swallow a house boat. The boat out at sea and had to tie them to the waves that swept the cover is not taken away. We are not far from the Arctic Circle, you can hardly stand the cold, the beds are damp and cold as ice. Later situation calms down somewhat, at night we came to, hopefully, have a more restful sleep deprived which were already several nights. [...] The storm rages again and shiver in the presence of icebergs that passed near our boat. Forced by the extreme cold and we went to bed at night also awake.
On the morning of 26 near six-thirty the storm ends and suddenly have a favorable wind. The captain orders the crew to climb the poles and raise the sails. These brave men and courageous work with all their forces and they themselves want to leave behind the horrible Cape Horn where the storm rages ever. The bell plays at 7 am we recover the dream that we had in the night, but frustration! There comes a huge wave that tips our boat, the windowpanes are broken, the water enters the cabin, the sticks are broken, everything on the boat is going from one side to the other, my husband and me down our life hangs by a thread, it seemed we were lost.
Now the boat is straightened and a cry from the helmsman indicates a disgrace. My heart is paralyzed with fright, lose consciousness and I almost mortal blow. But heaven only wanted a victim. Call my husband, I heard that a sailor fell from the top of a mast to the deck. As my husband out of the car, bring the sailor moribund. He leaves plenty blood from mouth and nose, a last gasp and you do not feel your pulse. His head is broken, my husband made a last attempt to bring him back to life but without success. Meanwhile Captain reviews the boat shows considerable destruction. Soon we realize that we are safe and can continue browsing. 
Lady Fanny Fonck Zöhrer of August 10. We're 24 days in the vicinity of Cape Horn with continuous storm. I lost my mind and I feel so tired and exhausted as if he had gone through a serious illness. The captain and the helmsman are saddened by the terrible journey This gives us a very bad impression. 2 months ago putrid water used for cooking and drinking, food becomes increasingly bad and cold seems frozen to the bone marrow. Since yesterday we have a stove in the cabin to check the smoke that we all have headaches and feel sick. My husband has work, both as a doctor and a nurse.
13 August. We are the fourth Sunday around Cape Horn and since yesterday we have good wind and we are further west than before. Maybe what we now and the wind does not make us retreat. The range check less smoke and the cabin is nicely tempered. We burn wood waves ripped the boat. Sailors and even the Captain did not feel well: they have a headache and vomiting. If the weather does not improve now, we can not go or the best wind, and there is no one who can handle the sails and the poor people can not be recovered by the excessive cold and moisture. The assumption that ratings are gross people with little education is all wrong. There can be no better men, more applied and devotees, they work as far as his strength allowed and patiently bear any destination. Les I have much esteem and the heart bleeds when I see how bad they are fed only to the wealthy owner of the vessel can become richer.
Passengers we all very emaciated, and people Young has completely lost its healthy look. It is imperative that we get then to ground.
16 August. We continue with good wind and after a long time were downwind sails to the wind and our ship flies over the waves. " Here
unfortunately ends the letter to his friend in Prague. In any case, the "Fortunata" must have crossed an entire month to the east and in the vicinity of Cape Horn, then make it through the south west towards Cape Horn. Theodor Körner
account on the day 87 of their journey [25.09.1850]: "The wind was so strong that not understand the words of someone who was just a step away. On Thursday the wind dropped y nos dejó con el deseo de no querer soportar otro igual. Recién el viernes se calmó el mar y nos permitió dar más velas al viento. Presumimos que nos encontramos al oriente de las Islas Falkland. El Capitán quería pasar originalmente entre las Islas Falkland y América, por el fuerte viento cambió su plan y así dejamos las Islas Falkland hacia el poniente.“ Dos días más tarde escribe Körner: “Unos días atrás tuvimos la esperanza de poder acercarnos tanto al Cabo de Hornos como para iniciar la pasada por el sur del Cabo. Sin embargo, ayer a las 9 de la mañana el viento de noroeste cambió repentinamente a sur-oeste y nos obligó de tomar curso al sur-este. En vez de acercarnos al temido After all, we move more and we are now to 57 degrees latitude, The wind from the south-west yesterday brought us a lot of snow on the roof and ends by reminding us that we left our homeland in the north. " After
Ecuador past the "Susanna" sailing "another two weeks with good weather and favorable wind from the sea, until September 2 [1852] rose a storm of brutal force," writes Karl Dittrich. "Nobody could stay on deck. The waves whipped by the wind raging savagely beaten boat. Water also entered the deckers provovando a chaotic mess. During the month of September were repeated storms almost every eight days. Also during the month of October were temporary.
.
On October 31 we were surprised by a hurricane, no violence comparable with any of the storms we had suffered so far. For three days and three nights were not allowed any passengers on deck and our food was only crackers and water. The howling gale with its fateful coatings was carried away as feathers. Poultry, piggery and other minor construction on the roof were torn away by the waves, also the magnificent stick approach had to give the shock wave. Supported by heavy chains hanging in the water with every wave launched against the hull constantly putting at risk the integrity of "Susanna." To overcome this danger a brave sailor named Johannes, life-threatening - nothing was more probable that plaintiff would be crushed between the mast and jib the boat hull - tied to a rope was lowered into the sea to set the jib stick , which finally achieved after untold efforts.
At last the storm subsided. It was on 4 November [1852]. The horrible gray day went past a magnificent sunny day. But the thing that made the ship was horrible. As if a horde of pirates had passed through the ship. Fortunately reserve masts were kept on board. All passengers with an aptitude for this work helped in the production of a new jib stick. In two to three days was over. "
Cape Horn: Harmless or ... ?
Cape Horn is the southern-eastern tip of the island of the same name are grouped in the Wollaston group that lies to the south and then South America. Cape Horn is in the following geographical position: 55 º 59 'S. latitude and 67 º 12 'longitude W. In the "Gazetteer of the Republic of Chile" by Francisco Solano Asta-Buruaga and Cienfuegos in 1899, can be read under "Cape Horn" also below:
“No hay riesgo ni dificultad para doblarlo, como una medrosa fantasía supuso, si no son la contrariedad y demora ocasionadas por los vientos reinantes del oriente y del occidente, sus lluvias y nevadas en las especiales estaciones del año, ya conocidas de los navegantes“. 
Cabo de Hornos
Karl Manns describe el paso por el Cabo de Hornos en el «Victoria»: “Navegamos unos dos dias con vientos suaves hacia el sur y pasamos en la noche del 2 al 3 de diciembre el Cabo de Hornos sin haberlo divisado, en la mañana del dia 3 avistamos las Islas Ramírez, un roquerío que se empina sobre el espejo de agua. Enseguida total quiet in the vicinity of Tierra del Fuego, where we saw snow capped mountains. All the while the weather was so mild that the ladies did not do their jobs on the deck, and we left the boat in a small boat to walk and hunt on the sea whose surface like a mirror. " Heinrich
Fehrenberg says: "[...] the sea is like a mirror and it is unthinkable that we are in the Cape Horn. Almost all passengers will walk during the day on a boat, an event that the captain and the helmsman had never seen at Cape Horn. "
by unfavorable winds the "Hermann" had to cross constantly from day 90 [28.09.] Until day 117 [25.10] of trip between 55 º and 57 º latitude, and 60 º and 66 º W longitude so that after almost a month and start taking advantage of favorable wind to pass safely around Cape Horn. " On 3 November
Körner writes: "For four days we have again a fair wind and move 50 miles German daily that brought us out of the stormy Cape regions. Today we are probably in the degree 50, ie, quite close to the Chilean coast, the water lost its blue color and now displays a dirty green. " The ship had to withstand another major storm and after 136 long days of arduous journey happily arrived November 12, 1850 to its port of destination Corral.
navigation around Cape Horn was also described by Adolf Schwarzenberg migrants and Karl Seidler. The first says: "Sunday. January 13 [1850]. As this part of the land prevails at this time of year the wind south, one can assume that the boat will stay at least 4 weeks on this side of Cape Horn. When the wind blew the stern, almost always weak, but when it came from the direction where we had to navigate, often blew so strong that we had to take down most of the candles, and sometimes all. May God favor us with the opposite!
Tuesday 15 January. South-west wind, course south-south-west, good weather, 53 º 5 ' south latitude. At night we went to 2 degrees west of the Falkland Islands.
Wednesday 16 January. Around 7 pm we saw the Island States. We sailed to the east of this island in the south-south-west.
Friday 18 January. Wind west-northwest, west course, cloudy. Today marks a quarter of the year at sea. Around 1 pm we passed through the east side of Cape Horn. At 10 we saw land to the north. The captain thought it was the southernmost island, Diego Ramírez. At 11 we sighted another island to the south what the Captain said as nonsense. Came on deck and was convinced. The stream of water running from southwest to northeast, the ship was too far north. Southern Island era Diego Ramírez y la del norte era el Cabo de Hornos. La corriente había falseado el cálculo del Capitán por más de ½ grado. El viento venía de oeste-nor-oeste. Por la corriente de sur-oeste y el viento de oeste-nor-oeste las olas eran fabulosamente altas.
Domingo 20 de enero. (Día 94 del viaje). El Capitán dice que nos encontramos más al norte que la latitud del Cabo de Hornos, así que ya lo habíamos pasado y que con viento favorable podríamos estar en 8 días en Valdivia“.
Karl Seidler describe la navegación por el cabo con pocas palabras: “Con viento muy favorable doblamos por el temido Cabo de Hornos y tan cerca, que podíamos ver muy bien la tierra firme. Sin novedades we come soon to the Pacific Ocean. I find that this ocean quieter than the other we can not confirm, as bad weather and storms accompanied us to latitude 42 °, from which we draw closer to the coast and the temperate zone. With this and soon we would reach our destination port, Valdivia, who is in grade 40. Everyone was eager to reach the mainland, but still, some were worried about the future and wondering how life will be presented in future in Chile? 
Corral in 1890
Last Step: The Journey of Corral to Melipulli
When the sailing ship "Susanna" with 104 immigrants on board arrived at the port of Corral on November 10, 1852, there was already a large number of German immigrants living in the bunkers of the old English fort Corral and Niebla. In Valdivia is no longer available from public lands suitable for colonization. For this reason, the then mayor of Valdivia, Don Vicente Perez Rosales, invited immigrants to move to the colony to be based around Lake Llanquihue. Karl Dittrich wrote: "Of course the majority accepted the invitation because it was very promising in the short term to become owner of an appreciable amount land. If they had known what awaited them there, they would have known better.
For the offer of Mr. Vicente Perez Rosales was chartered the yacht "Susanna" to carry emigrants to Ancud [41 º 53 'S. latitude, 73 º 48' longitude W. ]. To this end our ship remained anchored in Corral for 8 days and after they had climbed on board all those who had decided to go south - mainly emigrants from Württemberg joined - were again weighed anchor and began a stormy voyage [with 212 emigrants on board]. About eight days was the trip where a storm followed another.
just escaped from the temporary in open seas to enter the port of Ancud endangered the ship crashing into the fearsome rocks. The captain knew the port entrance, and despite the warning of the second pilot, who already knew the place he chose the more dangerous entry. Passing between rocks and surf and released by the waves, our brig was a toy of fate. The captain, a wicked and insensitive man, who on another occasion ventured out of their hands the holy book the mourners during the funeral of her dead at sea - here in a highly dangerous situation - we saw in the foredeck giving orders and kneeling with his hands led to heaven, praying! Thirteen crosses engraved on the rocks, gave testimony to the wreck as many boats. - A strike, a slip and a strong current pushed the boat over the shallow rocky bottom. About brig stood high water agitated Tues From Ancud had spotted the danger he was in the brig, and far approached lifeboats. But they would have little chance they could have saved a migrant, whether the ship actually would have crashed on the rocks. For a day
a tenure on Ancud and then went off in boats and resumed the journey to Melipulli [41 º 28 'S. latitude, 72 º 50' longitude W. ], Our goal travel located on the north bank of Reloncaví Bay. [On February 13, 1853 there was founded the city of Puerto Montt].
The government had distributed inconvenient as the food in the four boats occupied by immigrants. So I had a boat on board all the meat, bread and other whole third all the potatoes and the last was left with nothing. In this last boat I found myself. We did not have no food, only a few passengers had brought cookies boat was soon consumed and soon appeared a great appetite among the passengers who endured the first day eroica patiently, but in the second day indicated so impetuously, we ask at noon to anchor against Calbuco marine [41 ° 50 'S. latitude , 73 º 05 'longitude W. ], Not to threaten to starve. Here we take shellfish from the rocks and ate them raw. The Chileans settled in Calbuco invited us to a nice lunch and provisioned with food that we accept with deep gratitude. Our sailors who were in the same situation as us, we had told the people of Calbuco, respondents then so laudable. After Calbuco find the other boats that we had expected, and together restart Melipulli navigation, where we arrived the next day, November 28 1852 ".
On this historic day for the first Sunday of Advent of 1852 came the first German immigrants to Melipulli to colonize the region of Puerto Montt and the shore of Lake Llanquihue.
 Puerto Montt in 1862 - Lithograph drawn up in Germany by Bruck Burchard
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I suppose in some places maybe people are more verbose than here and instead of spitting anywhere, able to pull up their gum in a bin or a garbage can (I suspect that even in Montevideo, at some point and history was made.) Here and now, here the spit everywhere, and there remain until the passage of pedestrians or vehicles is being eroded and the place to be occupied by new gum spat. Things of modernity. 
