| The following is a study by the historian puertomontino César Sánchez Vera, member and Director of the CEPH, about a subject that for years has been recognized by historians and researchers in different positions. This time, as Don César Sánchez personal issues its opinion on the subject, after analyzing various references. In a forthcoming publication we will present the opinion of another researcher at our institution, which differs markedly from the position of Mr. Sanchez.
COURSE OF HURTADO DE MENDOZA GARCIA OSORNO BETWEEN AND WITHIN Reloncaví By: César Sánchez V. INTRODUCTION
The trip by the Governor of Chile Don Garcia Hurtado de Mendoza, with the aim of reaching the Strait of Magellan raised many hypotheses as to its course. This draft adds new data based on the English chroniclers. SPANISH CHRONICLERS GENERAL HISTORY OF THE KINGDOM OF CHILE, Indian Flanders Author: Diego de Rosales
(Work written in 1670) "Made this happened to Osorno, which had begun to settle in order Villagra Valdivia governor, and his death could not be perfect. Plus, now populated city in the form of Don Garcia himself with fifty neighbors, who divided the lots in the city, the many cuts of the Indians, who visited at that time were found one hundred and fifty thousand Indians, as the authors refer and residents of that city, in those given this crowd of Indians, giving one, two thousand Indians, and another four billion, according to the merits and services. Gave him this title for the memory and honor of his grandfather, who was Count of Osorno, in the natural language of the Indians called the site of the city, Chauracaguin, as noted above, having spent many plants, which carry a strawberry red (myrtle), chaura callers. Gave the first beam of Justice to Mr. Alonso Ortiz, Juan Vilvao and John Gaul, and seeing that all the Indians of that land was very subject, wanted to pass along game until you see the end of it.
came to their field to the terms of the province of Chiloé, passing an inlet in canoes, which divides the mainland from the islands of Chiloé, which are many and very populated with people, was that of Carelmapu and from there sent to the Graduate Julián Gutiérrez Altamirano to discover the largest island, which is sixty leagues in length, and width of two, three, and four parts. And seeing people who lived in that, and the other islands was good-natured, gentle and dress the same language, others from the mainland by being well into the winter, and there are many and continuous water, the leave for another day, and returned to winter in the Imperial where he wrote things the city. " "Generous NEWS AND RELATIONSHIP AND TRUE THE KINGDOM OF CHILE " Author: Jerome
Bibar Chapters 137 and 138 " He left the Governor ( García Hurtado de Mendoza ) of this city (Valdivia ) Monday eighteen days of February in 1500 and fifty-eight hundred and fifty men, which was that day Teuseren, which is four miles from the city of Valdivia. Governor walked here on their journey and arrived at the lake ( Llanquihue ) where he became the Governor Don Pedro de Valdivia (1552). This lake sent Captain Juan Bautista Pastene with thirty men to go look for the drainage of the lake and seek passage. Released this captain, came to a hondable ( Maullín ) mighty stream, which drained the lake. Going down the river, met passengers and picked up some canoes.
"Then came the Governor and as ordered from switching, and people went canoeing and swimming horses. Passing the Governor this river, walked three days of very large mountains and marshes and missteps could barely walk. After three days at sea resulted in a large bay ( within Reloncaví ) reaching to the mountain snow. From here he sent the Governor Julian Gutierrez Altamirano canoes with people in certain they were going to an island ( Guar ) that looked great above all others, which found highly populated and many cattle and corn and potatoes. Seeing this became the leader.
"land is well populated and people of good appearance, are dressed in wool. The language is slightly different. Their weapons are spears and slingshots and darts (arrows ). They differ only in the suit from head to others, who bring a hat so well done and hairy wool woven with a cloth and headdress, and above get a bead. These usually these hats that I seem to bring much water the rain. It is a land populated by large forests and swamps and good forests.
"Reaching the Governor in this lake ( within Reloncaví ) and seeing that they had found no suitable site, and winter is approaching, and that land was labored, he turned and reached the river in canoes ( Rahue ). Banks it happened in a very beautiful valley plain and in good area. It appears he was very good place and agreed, founded a city and created the Mayor and City Council, and headlined the city of Osorno. Caciques and principal distributed throughout that region in sixty conquerors. FUNDOSA this city Sunday, the twenty-seventh day of March, one thousand and five hundred fifty-eight. This city is very nice flat, has some firewood and wooden houses. Is fertile ground. Dase good wheat and barley, and seeds will all our trees and Spain that have set themselves. "
(NOTE: The parentheses in italics were added by Don César Sánchez, with the purpose of managing the course of the expedition). "CHRONICLE OF THE KINGDOM OF CHILE" Author: Peter Marino de Lovera
Chapter X "Longing for the discovery of new lands passed on without stopping a lot in this town ( Valdivia). And having reached a large lake near the coast where it enters a river ( Maullín ) very mighty Purailla called, walked by with her people looking for way to move forward in their attempt prosecusión.
"Having crossed the river with difficulties were fed whet trace paths on the mountain with axes and machetes who had, in doing so at the expense of hurting their blood at every step in the bushes and shrubs, and large reservoirs and streams from water without first piece of land that was not much pestilence quagmire. For this reason were more than foot soldiers and not a few barefoot shedding blood and getting bruises, he was sorry to see them, without the excuse to walk through the mud and water some distance from this path. "
" More like they saw that all was in this way, cast to see who was tangled Indian guide, who had tangled in that grove, because they reached their land. And understood this betrayal sent Don Garcia to do justice to chief named Orompello, and other Indians who guided them, leaving the English for that Arcabuco their adventures without knowing where or to fate, to come to a beach in the archipelago ( Reloncaví Bay) there are, where they arrived on the second Sunday of Lent, for which regard he named the archipelago of Cananea.
"this archipelago has more than eighty leagues district, the islands were then heavily populated Indians who were engaged in fisheries and livestock breeding. And for the cold earth are dressed in more sheltered than others in the kingdom, bringing shorts and shirts instead of coats and a very fine wool cape and hat of the same material, but in the way pulled something in caps . And while the English saw an unwillingness to move forward with all that was offered the captain to this case the lawyer Julian Gutierrez Altamirano and courageous knight, and wished much employed in the service of His Majesty in any business of importance according to the purpose and direction of Don Garcia. With licensed and company of people who gave for it, he embarked with some soldiers in the canoes musketeers that they were sufficient, in which they went three days and nights between the great dangers of shoals and storms suffering all this for only taking notice of what was in these islands. And not having anything else out of the relationship, and news of them don García tried to turn, then another way in which land was settled, until he reached the dewatering of the lake, we have said in order to populate a city on the site more appropriate than in the entire district is ".
" he went on his way to a rushing river of Canoes ( Rahue ), where I had gone when he came to this leaving discovery he lost all his dishes, which was on a mule, who drowned in this way, unable to take off a piece della so that was the loss of large amounts of money. After this the Canoas River Don Garcia settled his field near the shore, and thinking peaceful site, and supplied as necessary, determined to found a village there, and so they made it a work entitled the city of Osorno, a contemplation of his grandfather, Count of Osorno have already fulfilled the obligation he had to his father in the town of Cañete de la Frontera which was the first established in these realms. FUNDOSA this city of Osorno in the levo of Chauracaví, in 27 days of March 1558. Is abundant land of bread and meat, and very gifted of honey, which occurs in great abundance without care benefit hives, and no force is smaller fruit of Spain, who is caught with both hands, as you each, there is no one to contradict him. "
(NOTE: The parentheses in italics were placed by César Sánchez for a better understanding of the text.) CHRONOLOGY
18 / February / 1558 : Sale expedition from Valdivia, made up of 150 riders. Among them travel Gatica Diego Ortiz and Hernando de Moraga who had been part of the expedition
Pedro de Valdivia in 1552 that reached the lake Llanquihue. Camping on the Rio Bueno.
19 / February / 1558 : cross the river in canoes (Rahu). The chief Tunconabal warned about the difficulties of the road and offers food seashells.
(Ercilla).
20 / February / 1558 : cross the river Maullín.
21 / 22 / 23 / February / 1558 : Circulate by numerous swamps and marshes. Indigenous guides are accused of "deceiving the English" and executed.
24 / February / 1558 : They come to a rolling hills where sighted within Reloncaví. Murta and eat strawberries.
25 / 26 / 27 / February / 1558 : Exploration of Reloncavi
Julián Gutiérrez Altamirano and Alonso de Ercilla.
28 / February / 1558 : Return to the north by a shorter route and expeditious indicated by an Indian. Date uncertain
: Arrival at the Chauracaví levo (plains of Osorno) giving for the founding of the city of Osorno on March 27, 1588.
IN WHAT PLACE IS GOING TO ISSUE Reloncaví Bay? that regard there are several theories which have strong arguments, namely: 1 .-
Pelluco HIGH: rolling hills high enough to appreciate the full extent within Reloncaví. From here, Julián Gutiérrez Altamirano would have admitted to Lenca and from there it goes to the islands of Maillén and Guar, meeting with an advanced riders near Calbuco. 2 .-
Panitao HIGH : rolling hills high enough to appreciate the full extent within Reloncaví. Julian Gutierrez Altamirano had landed in Guar Puluqui and Calbuco. 3 .-
Carelmapu : From the hill the Picuta can distinguish much of the Chacao channel and islands to the east. Julian Gutierrez Altamirano would have run Calbuco Puluqui and Guar; Alonso de Ercilla while crossing the drain (Chacao channel).
FOUNDATION OF ARRIVAL TO HIGH Pelluco February 20 issue Maullín crosses the river and begin the difficulties in advance, "never with such nuisance to humans / wanted to keep out the Natura ... or boulders meantime and marsh / mixed weeds and undergrowth so "(Alonso de Ercilla) also describes" the tall trees that make the skies as sovereign. "
Bibar Jerome wrote: "Passing the Governor this river (Maullín) walked three days of very large forests and swamps and missteps that could hardly walk. " For its part, the chronicler Pedro Mariño de Lobera said: "Having passed the river were fed difficulties whet trace paths on the mountain with axes and machetes ... and from carrying large marshes and streams of water without having piece of land that was muddy. " Descriptions are within the province of Llanquihue and Alonso de Ercilla adds, walk "on his way to the west the sun is to say that since the river took the lead Maullín SE which brings us to the top of Pelluco . The expedition camped in Chamiza or Stone Blue beaches is recorded as "stony and rocky" and Ercilla again nos da una referencia “…se comenzó a marchar por la ribera…y andada una gran legua, hicimos el primer alojamiento”.
Visualizado el seno de Reloncaví nuevamente nos remitimos al autor de La Araucana: “…era una ancho archipiélago / poblado de innumerables islas deleitosas / cruzando por el uno y otro lado / góndolas y piraguas presurosas”. El crónista Suárez de Figueroa nos dice: “…descubiertas las islas no se hallaba forma de pasar a ellas”; con esto se quiere señalar que las islas se encontraban a una distancia considerablemente mayor que a un tiro de arcabuz.
Hecha un apreciación general de la geografía García Hurtado de Mendoza escribe: "... Unable to move on, to enter the lake (within Reloncaví) inland to the great mountain range that say snow (the Andes), sent in some canoes that there are, a captain with the other soldiers to go part. " Were promptly as described it would be the entrance to Estuary Ralún now cove Arena. Ready
the departure of Julian Gutierrez Altamirano, bringing to Alonso de Ercilla latter states: "we had the right southbound ... but as we won the distance / large archipelago was the widening / finding a distances diverted / populated islands in large numbers" . This means Lenca or creek that from Arena to make the south are the islands mentioned. Consequently
: Julián Gutiérrez Altamirano Guar around the island, touching the coast of Puluqui Huelmo and write the famous octave: "Here was where another has not come / don Alonso de Ercilla, the first / in a small boat ballasting / with only ten passed the drain .... "
In late September 1558, ie seven months after the issuance of García Hurtado de Mendoza Cortes Ojea came to the Bay of Ancud. In the Chacao channel took a current, tide took them four leagues in, there the sailor tells us: "... Of which we knew, Indian land, we knew what they say as they came through the land six months ago Christians who arrived in two days it was possible that there a call and another call Velgueante Cutegüe and who had curaca spoken with the Cabi said his name was Tanpelqui and that there had not arrived nor was there but that they heard him say, including some Christians among them named Lieutenant Altamirano. " Then Ojea Cortes arrived and took Carelmapu anchor. That leaves
was established on the island of Puluqui, after passing through Tautil where gabbro Ercilla his famous octave. From
my view is completely rejected the English army were to Carelmapu proposed by the Jesuit Diego de Rosales, because from there you can see the Pacific Ocean and on no account such a description is entered, being ruled out, moreover, had crossed Alonso de Ercilla Chacao Channel.
NOTE: 1 .-
Cananea, 1558 Sunday fell on 27 February. |
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